When considering hiring international students or other non-U.S. citizens for unpaid internships, it is crucial to understand the various work authorization categories that allow them to legally engage in such positions. Below are the primary categories of work authorization that make international students and non-citizens eligible for unpaid internships in the United States.
1. CPT (Curricular Practical Training)
Overview
Curricular Practical Training (CPT) is a type of work authorization that allows F-1 international students to participate in off-campus internships that are an integral part of their curriculum. These internships must be directly related to the student's major field of study.
Eligibility Criteria
- The student must have maintained valid F-1 status for at least one academic year.
- The internship must be part of an established curriculum.
- The student must receive authorization from the Designated School Official (DSO) and the internship must be recorded in the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS).
Important Considerations
- CPT can be either part-time (20 hours or less per week) during the academic term or full-time (more than 20 hours per week) during breaks and summer sessions.
- Students must be enrolled in a course related to the internship during the period of employment.
For more information on CPT, visit the USCIS website on CPT.
2. OPT (Optional Practical Training)
Overview
Optional Practical Training (OPT) allows F-1 students to work in their field of study for up to 12 months per educational level (e.g., bachelor's, master's). There is also a 24-month extension available for students with STEM degrees.
Eligibility Criteria
- The student must have maintained valid F-1 status for at least one academic year.
- The work must be directly related to the student’s major area of study.
- The student must apply for and receive an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) from USCIS before starting work.
Important Considerations